Association of the Geomagnetic Disturbance with Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections of Solar Cycle 24

Abstract

The complicated link between geomagnetic disturbances during Solar Cycle 24 (2008–2019) and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (ICMEs) is investigated in this work. The study establishes relationships between ICME parameters and their geo-effectiveness by means of thorough datasets from several space weather monitoring satellites and ground-based magnetometers. Especially less than its predecessors, Solar Cycle 24 presented a special chance to investigate space weather effects under low solar activity. Examining 211 ICME occurrences using a multi-parametric analysis approach, the magnetic field intensity, velocity, duration, and orientation of each event is correlated with geomagnetic indices including Dst, Kp, and AE. Although the total count of ICMEs dropped relative to Solar Cycle 23, results show that their geo-effectiveness ratio stayed significant—about 58% of ICMEs set off moderate to strong geomagnetic storms. With ICME transit speed as a secondary contribution, the study finds southward-oriented interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) to be the main determinant of storm severity. Statistical research shows an 87% likelihood of producing severe geomagnetic disturbances (Dst< -100 nT) for ICMEs with Bz components above -10 nT for longer than three hours. The results help to improve forecasting models for geomagnetic storms, which is crucial for safeguarding space-based infrastructure and technology systems, and therefore deepen our knowledge of space weather events during periods of low solar activity.