Synthesis of Novel Antibiotics and Antiviral Agents to Combat the Rising Threat of Drug Resistance

Abstract

The rising prevalence of drug-resistant bacteria and viruses poses a severe challenge to global health by compromising the effectiveness of existing antimicrobial and antiviral drugs. The urgent need to develop novel antibiotics and antiviral agents has spurred advances in synthetic methodologies, drug design, and target identification. This paper reviews the recent progress in the synthesis of novel antibiotics and antiviral compounds aimed at overcoming resistance mechanisms. It highlights innovative synthetic strategies, including total synthesis, semi synthesis, and combinatorial chemistry, and discusses approaches to optimize structure-activity relationships (SAR). Moreover, the challenges associated with complex synthesis, scalability, and rapid mutation rates in pathogens are addressed. The paper underscores the critical role of multidisciplinary efforts and modern computational tools in accelerating the discovery of effective therapies to combat drug resistance.